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Skip to contentThe WashU & Slavery ProjectMenu Close Search Areas of FocusProject NewsResourcesRelated CoursesEventsJoin UsLet your curiosity lead the way:Apply TodayHomeUpcoming EventsContact Us Arts & Sciences Graduate Studies in A&S Pictured: O&＃039;Fallon Polytechnic Institute, 7th and Chestnut, 1876. Washington University Archives. Revisiting the First Fifty Years WashU & Slavery Washington University in St. Louis (WashU) was founded in 1853 and developed over its first half-century in downtown St. Louis before relocating to a new "Hilltop campus" west of the city in 1905. Several of the institution&＃039;s founding leaders derived their wealth and power in part through the dispossession of Native Americans and exploitation of enslaved African Americans, and were otherwise invested in the perpetuation of white dominance, through slavery and other means. Pictured: Dred and Harriet Scott, who in 1846 filed lawsuits seeking freedom from enslavement at St. Louis&＃039; Old Courthouse. Revisiting the First Fifty Years WashU & Slavery The university emerged amid numerous "freedom suits" and the infamous U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857). That case began in the St. Louis courthouse in 1846, within a mile of WashU&＃039;s original downtown campus, and the university would be significantly shaped by the U.S. Supreme Courts&＃039; ruling that African Americans were not citizens recognized or protected by the U.S. Constitution. Pictured: William Greenleaf Eliot, the co-founder (with Wayman Crow), initial president, and third chancellor of Washington University in St. Louis. Revisiting the First Fifty Years WashU & Slavery There has been little consideration of WashU&＃039;s entanglements with histories and legacies of slavery, including struggles for freedom, aside from exaggeration of the anti-slavery position of co-founder William Greenleaf Eliot. This is beginning to change. In Spring 2021 WashU joined Universities Studying Slavery (USS), the global consortium of colleges, universities, libraries, and other academic institutions examining and addressing relationships between our institutions and the history and legacy of slavery. We have learned that many of founding benefactors, early officials and faculty had ties to the institution of slavery, and fought to promote white supremacy. Pictured: The view from the newly constructed Brookings Hall, looking east onto the grounds being developed for the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition. Revisiting the First Fifty Years WashU & Slavery The first half century of WashU&＃039;s history ended with relocation to the "Hilltop campus," providing open space, distinction, and resources that fueled its growth into a prestigious academic institution. This came in part through further investments in racial capitalism. Whereas WashU admitted some African American students in its first few decades that stopped in the 1890s and did not resume until the mid-20th century, with this exclusion becoming part of its pursuit of distinction. Further, the financially distressed institution was buoyed by leasing parts of the new campus - including Brookings Hall and Francis Field - to the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition. The new campus would stage some of the 1904 Fair&＃039;s infamously racist spectacles, including "Anthropology Days" and the 1904 Olympics, and financial returns on this lease enabled further development of what is now the Danforth Campus. Areas of FocusDevelopmentsRelated CoursesResourcesEventsPeopleJoin Us About the Project The WashU & Slavery Project began in Fall 2020 when the Center for the Study of Race, Ethnicity & Equity (CRE2) convened a working group to explore participation in Universities Studying Slavery (USS). This group began exploring relationships between slavery, its legacies, and our institutional history, and several courses that year engaged students in related research, including a review of USS projects at other universities. A proposed initial phase of the WashU & Slavery Project was enthusiastically supported by Chancellor Andrew Martin and Provost Beverly Wendland, and WashU formally joined Universities Studying Slavery at the end of Spring 2021.  The WashU & Slavery Project is based in CRE2 to support integration across the institution, an interdisciplinary and collaborative approach, and related strategic plans of the center and other campus and community partners. The initial phase emphasizes research and teaching, including supported student research and creative projects, in close partnership with the university libraries, archives and museum. We will conduct foundational research, further organize and contextualize relevant collections in the university archives, libraries, and museum, create a digital project infrastructure, and facilitate an array of campus and community engagements. The project's scope and impact will grow through wide-ranging research, collaborative campus and regional efforts, and a reparative commitment. This website tracks the progress of our efforts, shares what we are learning, and invites members of the campus and broader community to participate in the WashU & Slavery Project. Pictured: The courthouse in St. Louis photographed ca. 1861, shortly after the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), a case that began in this St. Louis court in 1846. Founded in 1853, Washington University in St. Louis emerged in this historical and social context, its original campus within a mile of the court.   WashU’s founder was not an abolitionist: Who was William Greenleaf Eliot? Read the Nov. 2021 Student Life Article Many of WashU's early benefactors and officials were enslavers and connected to enterprises that profited from and sustained slavery. Ongoing research into university chancellors, directors and trustees whose lifetimes overlapped with the era of enslavement reveals that nearly half (31 of 66) had ties to the institution of slavery, as enslavers and members of slave-holding families, and through possible efforts to emancipate enslaved people. Over half of all trustees and faculty of the early medical school had some tie to enslavement, a figure likely to grow with further research. ―Dr. Kelly Schmidt Associate Director, WashU & Slavery Project Highlights Foundations We are revisiting connections between slavery and WashU's earliest leaders, including less recognized figures like founding trustee and key benefactor John O'Fallon (1791-1865), one of the largest slave holders in nineteenth century Missouri and leader of the Anti-abolition Society in St. Louis. Pictured: Colonel John O'Fallon Residence in O'Fallon Park, illustrated by Sallie O'Fallon, 1939 (Credit: Missouri Historical Society).  Landscape Backstories of the WashU Campuses WashU's campuses have occupied landscapes deeply connected to histories and legacies of settler colonialism and slavery in St. Louis. We are exploring these entanglements and their implications. Digitizing and Visualizing Records of Enslavement in St. Louis Faculty and students are partnering to locate, digitize and visualize extensive records of slave ownership, manumission, self-liberation, and other information essential to understanding WashU's connections to slavery and its wake. A highlight here is the St. Louis Integrated Database of Enslavement (SLIDE), which makes historic Census and other key data searchable online. More in Project News upcoming eventsSee More EventsNewsPublic humanities lab takes on reparative memory to uncover the legacy of slavery in MissouriRead MorePublic humanities lab takes on reparative memory to uncover the legacy of slavery in Missouri12.17.23 | NewsKBIA journalist Kassidy Arena reports from the 2023 showcase of Memory for the Future, the public humanities lab co-led by Geoff Ward (Professor of African and African American Studies and Director of the WashU & Slavery Project) and Anika Walke (Associate Professor of History). Read more News, Student ProjectsWashU & Slavery Project Partners with St. Louis County Parks to Interpret Slavery at General Daniel Bissell HouseRead MoreJoin UsThere are many ways for students, faculty and staff to participate in the WashU & Slavery Project, including funding opportunities, related courses and other teaching and learning opportunities, and project related events. For more information about ways to get involved, follow the link below.Join UsQuick LinksHomeProject NewsEventsPeopleGet InvolvedContact UsAdditional information Arts & Sciences Graduate Studies in A&SCopyright 2024 by:Arts & Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis  Contact Us: WashU & Slavery [email protected]   Visit the main Washington University in St. Louis website1 Brookings Drive / St. Louis, MO 63130 / wustl.edu