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Skip to content MIR Intranet Donate Search Search Patient Care Education Research More About MIR Our People Milestones Diversity Careers News &＃038; Events MIR Intranet Donate Search Search Menu MIR / Milestones MIR Milestones For nearly a century, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology has been integral to the advancement of radiology. A true pioneer with a respected legacy of innovation and too many &＃8220;first in the field&＃8221; breakthroughs to count. Here are just a few notable milestones that are the building blocks of an illustrious history. 1930s 1931 Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (MIR) officially opens with a staff of four radiologists and one physicist. 1933 MIR&＃8217;s first residents, Allan B. Phillips and William Y. Burton, are accepted. 1937 The first laminograph (developed in 1936 at MIR) is used to examine World Series Champion pitcher Paul &＃8220;Daffy&＃8221; Dean. This is considered the earliest recorded example of sectional imaging used to assess a sports-related musculoskeletal injury. 1940s 1941The cyclotron constructed on Washington University&＃8217;s undergraduate campus is the first dedicated to producing isotopes for medical and biological research. 1942The U.S. government commandeers the cyclotron to produce some of the world&＃8217;s first plutonium. In the end, half of the Manhattan Project&＃8217;s plutonium comes from Washington University. 1950s 1950Then director Hugh Wilson appoints radiophysicist and future PET pioneer Michel Ter-Pogossian, forever changing the history of MIR. 1954The first pediatric radiology program is established at MIR. 1960s 1963MIR builds the first cyclotron on a U.S. medical campus and second in the world dedicated to medical research. 1964Newly appointed MIR director and neuroradiologist Juan Taveras establishes MIR&＃8217;s first official subspecialties by dividing faculty into six groups based on local anatomy. 1970s 1970sPET is invented by MIR researchers Michael Phelps and Michel Ter-Pogossian. Their colleagues, Michael Welch and Marcus Raichle, develop tools and algorithms to use PET to study the brain. 1972Neuroradiology and Ben Mayes come together to create MIR&＃8217;s first fellowship. 1974MIR acquires one of the first six CT scanners in the U.S. 1976One of the first five mammography units in the U.S. arrives at MIR. 1980s 1983Along with two colleagues, MIR radiologist Michael Vannier publishes the first 3D reconstruction of single CT slices of the human head. 1984MIR researchers develop fluoroestradiol (FES), the first radioactive form of estrogen used as a PET imaging agent for detecting breast cancer. 1990s 1990sMIR develops widely adopted criteria for diagnosing pulmonary emboli. 1992MIR works with CTI PET Systems to develop some of the first whole-body PET imaging techniques. 1992Newsweek publishes &＃8220;Decade of the Brain,&＃8221; an article highlighting neurologist and radiology professor Marcus Raichle&＃8217;s PET research and development of nearly all existing techniques for mapping the brain. 2000s 2002Quadriplegic actor Christopher Reeve&＃8217;s treatment regimen — designed by Washington University faculty with imaging studies performed by MIR — results in some motor function restoration. 2004MIR expands resident total to 72, making it the largest program in the U.S. 2008Mark Mintun, director of MIR&＃8217;s Center for Clinical Imaging, uses PET imaging to detect Alzheimer&＃8217;s disease before clinical symptoms appear. 2010s 2010MIR becomes home to the Human Connectome Project. 2014MIR becomes one of the first eight programs in the U.S. approved for an Integrated IR Residency Program. 2015&＃8220;Cancer goggles,&＃8221; invented by Optical Radiology Lab director Samuel Achilefu, allow doctors to see cancer cells during surgery. Patient Care Breast Imaging Interventional Services Medical Imaging Expertise Locations Wellness Screenings Referring Physicians Billing &＃038; Costs Physician Directory Education Diagnostic Residency Interventional Residency Subspecialty Programs Why MIR Discover St. Louis Alumni News &＃038; Events Research Research Centers Labs Core Resources Opportunities Participate in Research Faculty News &＃038; Events About MIR Our People Milestones News Careers Magazine Diversity Privacy Policy Accessibility Contact Us Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis Opens in a new window Opens an external site Opens an external site in a new window