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Skip to content Skip to search Skip to footer Neuroscience Open Menu Back Close Menu Search for: Search Close Search AboutAbout History St. Louis Giving Contact Us COVID-19 ResearchResearch Publications Neuroscience Building Facilities Resources Department Directory PeoplePeople Faculty Emeritus Faculty Affiliated Faculty Administrative Staff Research Staff Trainees Alumni EducationEducation Postdoctoral Research Teaching awards Graduate Rotations Outreach Body Donor Program OpportunitiesOpportunities Positions INSPIRE News &＃038; EventsNews &＃038; Events Department News Department Events Social Events Open Search History The Department of Neuroscience then and now: In 1914, the Department of Anatomy, as we were known then, was housed in the North Building of WashU&＃8217;s medical campus, where anatomy instruction continues to this day. Neuroscience research now occupies labs in multiple buildings across two campuses. In 2023, researchers moved into the newly constructed Neuroscience Research Building, the largest of its kind in the nation. The Department of Neuroscience began in the late 1800s as the Department of Anatomy, one of the first departments at the School of Medicine. The emergence of neuroscience as a discipline in the middle part of the twentieth century brought an evolution to the department. In 1975, under the leadership of W. Maxwell Cowan, MD, PhD, the department was renamed the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, reflecting its reach into the neural sciences.  Then, under the direction of Gerald Fischbach, MD, and later, David Van Essen, PhD, the department further expanded its focus in the neurosciences, paralleling a broad interest in the discipline across Washington University and other top universities throughout the country. In 2015, the department was renamed the Department of Neuroscience to more accurately reflect this focus. Over the decades, the Department has contributed fundamental knowledge about the inner workings of the brain brain and developed innovative techniques that have opened up new lines of research. Department Chairs Outstanding women in neuroscience & anatomy Directory of former faculty members Major neuroscience discoveries at WashU Laying the foundations for Neuroscience at WashU Nobel Prize-winning achievements in neuroscience at Washington University: Rita Levi-Montalcini, Stanley Cohen, and the discovery of nerve growth factor » Joseph Erlanger, Herbert Gasser, and the characterization of nerve impulses » Arthur Loewy and the central regulation of autonomic nervous function Dr. Loewy worked over his decades-long career at Washington University to uncover connections between the peripheral and central nervous systems. Read Dr. Loewy&＃8217;s profile Department heads Linda Richards, PhD Chair, 2021-present Dr. is a global expert in the development of the brain, and in particular the connection between the two hemispheres, called the corpus callosum. Her lab has made major discoveries on the mechanisms governing the development of the corpus callosum and generated insight into disorders involving dysgenesis of the corpus callosum. Before joining WashU, she was the Deputy Director (Research) at the Queensland Brain Institute in Brisbane, Australia. She is an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO), a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science (FAAS), and a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Health and Medical Sciences (FAHMS). Azad Bonni, MD, PhD Chair, 2012-2019 Dr. Bonni is currently Senior Vice President at Roche where he is Global Head of Neuroscience & Rare Diseases at Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED). As Chair of the Department of Neuroscience, he oversaw tremendous growth and led the renaming of the Department from Anatomy and Neurobiology to Neuroscience. His laboratory studies the mechanisms governing neuronal connectivity during brain development and plasticity, providing fundamental insights into both healthy brain function and dysfunction in disease. Dr. Bonni is a member of the National Academy of Medicine. David Van Essen, PhD Chair, 1992-2012 Dr. Van Essen is the Alumni Endowed Professor of Neuroscience at WashU. He pioneered the analysis of cortical structure, function, connectivity, development, and evolution in humans and nonhuman primates. Dr. Van Essen has served as a Principal Investigator for the Human Connectome Project (HCP), a large-scale effort to acquire, analyze, and freely share high-quality neuroimaging data from 1200 healthy adults, in order to enable exploration of brain connectivity and its relationship to behavior.  Dr. Van Essen was President of the Society for Neuroscience and Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Neuroscience, and is a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Gerald Fischbach, MD Chair, 1981-1990 Dr. Fischbach is a Distinguished Scientist and Fellow at the Simons Foundation. He has served as dean of the faculty of health sciences at Columbia University, director of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and chair of the Department of Neurobiology at Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital. Dr. Fischbach is a past president of the Society for Neuroscience and a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Institute of Medicine. W. Maxwell Cowan, MD, DPhil Chair, 1968-1980 Dr. Cowan was a pioneer of developmental neuroscience. He discovered the pruning of axons and culling of neurons that occurs as a part of healthy brain development. He also developed widely adopted techniques, including methods to map axonal connections and culture hippocampal cells. Dr. Cowan was later provost and executive vice chancellor of Washington University and then vice president and chief scientific officer of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI). He was president of the Society for Neuroscience and the founding editor of both the Journal of Neuroscience and the Annual Review of Neuroscience. Edward W. Dempsey, PhD Chair, 1950-1966 Dr. Dempsey was an early leader in the field of neuroscience, describing the electrophysiology of the forebrain. He later turned to explore metabolic function in the thyroid, uterus and placenta and expanded the applications of transmission electron microscopy. Dr. Dempsey was Dean of the School of Medicine at Washington University from 1958-1964. He contributed his health expertise in numerous advisory roles to the US government. Ed Cowdry, PhD Chair, 1940-1950 Dr. Cowdry discovered parasitic diseases affecting humans and animals, including cause of heartwater disease in cattle, sheep, and goats named Cowdria ruminantium. He helped usher in the use of electron microscopes at the medical school and his research later focused on efforts to detect and treat skin cancers. He is credited as having had an influential role in the development of the field of gerontology. He was editor of the textbook General Cytology, published in 1924, Special Cytology, published in 1928, and Problems of Ageing, published in 1939. Robert Terry, MD Chair, 1900-1941 Dr. Terry initiated and assembled one of the largest skeletal research collections in the United States. In 1964, the collection was indefinitely loaned to the National Museum of Natural History and the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, where it still resides today. Dr. Terry was well known among scientists in his field for the reforms he introduced in the teaching of human anatomy. Outstanding women in anatomy and neuroscience In 1946, Mildred Trotter became the first full professor at Washington University School of Medicine. Over the decades, she has been joined by numerous other accomplished women scientists who have made fundamental contributions to anatomy and neuroscience-related fields. Their stories illuminate the rich history of WashU’s neuroscience research and the trailblazing efforts of women to create a more inclusive science community. These brief biographies were assembled by Karen O&＃8217;Malley, PhD, with significant help from Mabel Purkerson, MD, WUSM physician and archivist, on the occasion of the 10th anniversary in 2001 of the Academic Women&＃8217;s Network. Jean Holowach Thurston Set standards for pediatric epilepsy research Lee Nelken Robins Leader in the development of diagnostic criteria for psychiatric diagnoses Mildred Trotter Developed formulas for estimating stature from bone length Rita Levi-Montalcini Nobel laureate who discovered nerve growth factor Sarah Amanda Luse One of the first scientists to perform electron microscopy of the nervous system Former Department of Neuroscience faculty Robert Terry1899-1923Paul Tupper1899-1923Blair Vilray1899-1907A. Ghilselin1901William Coughlin1902-1910James Abbott1905Harry Moore1906Victor Emmel1908-1915Charles Danforth1909-1922Frank Ewerhardt1914Edwin Baumgartner1915-1919Gaylord Swindle1917Archie Bray1920-1921Edgar Allen1920-1922Beatrice Whiteside1922-1925Mildred Trotter1922-1991Bess Lloyd1922-1923Forest Staley1922-1926Edward Mastin1923-1933Kehar Chouke1923-1924Leith Slocomb1923-1938James Lynch1924Louis Harrison1924Ranson Steven1924-1927Cecil Charles1927-1970Gordon Scott1928-1941Caroline Whitney1928George Williams1928-1948James O&＃8217;Leary1928-1946Miriam Lucas1929-1935Arthur Ham1930-1931George Sieb1930-1941William Brebner1930-1932Walter Covell1930-1932Alfred Lucas1931-1933 Edward Keyes1932-1933Robert Bartlett1938-1945Christopher Caruthers1938-1953Ross C. MacCardle1939-1941William Cramer1940-1945William Simpson1940-1947Robert Evans1940-1947Henry Gerald Schwartz1940-1942Ernest Gardner1941Albert Lansing1941-1950Valentina Suntzeff1941-1950Stanley Leydig1942-1944John Van Dyke1942-1947Hamilton Robinson1943Virginia Lanier1943Meryl Miles1944-1947John Finerty1947-1949George Rowe1947-1950Mary Ritchey1947Robert Koch1948Edward Kuff1948-1952Theodore Rosenthal1947-1953Eugene Roberts1947-1954Edward Dempsey1955-1966Edmund Cowdry1947-1975Jack Davies1956-1963Arthur Hess1955-1961Roy Peterson1955-2004Sam Clark1955-1967F. Clark Howell1955-1956Lorraine Lake1955-1979Jules Weiss1955Adolf Cohen1956-1995Anthony deLoreno1956-1958Goldine Gleser1956-1957Harold Payne1956-1957Duncan Chiquoine1958-1965Keith Richardson1959-1961Sarah Luse1960-1966Estelle Brodman1961-1980Bryce Munger1961-1964Allen Enders1963-1975Robert Laatsch1963-1970Keith Smith1964-1965W. Maxwell Cowan1965-1979Milton Goldstein1966-1985William Marovitz1967-1972David Menton1967-2000; Emeritus 2001-2021David Potter1968-1970Joseph Grisham1970-1972Mary Bunge1970-1988Richard Bunge1970-1988Leonard Tolmach1970-1986Joseph Williamson1970-1974Richard Bischoff1970-2002Joel Price1969-2015; Emeritus 2016-Thomas Woolsey1970-2013Peregrina Labay1971-1974Arnold Kahn1971-1974Edward Jones1970-1982Joseph Harvey1972-1976Barry King1972-1977Sandra Schlafke1964-1975Donald Wann1972-1975Joseph Hanaway1972-1979David Gottlieb1976-2013; Emeritus 2013-Judith Medoff1973Madelon Price1974Mark Willard1974-2006William Crossland1974-1975Mary Olson1974W. Thomas Thach1975-2011; Emeritus 2012-2014Theodore J. Cicero1976-2017Boyd Hartman1976-1987Thomas Tillack1976William Frazier1976-1985Arthur Loewy1976-2017Anthony Jebb1976Mary Johnson1976-1988Francis Mithen1976-1978Larry Swanson1976-1979Patrick Wood1976-1989Charlene Gottlieb1977-1982Robert Waterston1977-2002John Chirgwin1979-1985Ursula Goodenough1979-2017Steven Rothman1980-2006Gerald Fischbach1981-1989Elaine Rousch1981-1984Clifford Saper1981-1984Robert Almli1983-1988Nobu Hirokawa1983Mary Ann Boyle1983-1987Mary Carlson1982-1989Patti Nemeth1983-1990Steven Adair1983-1987Jonathan Cohen1983-1991Joel Brown1984-1991Glenn Conroy1984-2017; Emeritus 2018-Jane Phillip-Conroy1984-2017; Emeritus 2018-Stephen Highstein1984-2008James Krause1984-1998Antoinette Steinacker1983-1988Lorna Role1984Dale Purves1985-1989Joseph Henry Steinbach1985-2015Nancy Baenziger1985-2015Jeff Lichtman1985-2004Joshua Sanes1985-2004Jonathan Covault1986Cynthia Forehand1986Robert Miller1987David Harris1987-1989Marc Schieber1987-1994Dennis O&＃8217;Leary1987-1991Bruce Nock1987-2018Gary Paige1988-1991Nigel Daw1989-1991Steven Petersen1989-2018Christine Blazynski1989-1992Thomas Fox1989Keith Rich1990-2016Martin Silverman1990-1994James Cheverud1991-2013; Emeritus 2014-Carmelo Romano1993-2004Mark Goldberg1993-2004Ernesto Molmenti1993-1994Charles Anderson1992-1997Rachel Wong1994-2005Scott Steinman1993-1994Daniel Silbergeld1995-1997Yi Rao1995-2004Luci Kohn1995-2001Richard Brand1995-1999William Snider1995-1996John Csernansky1995-2007Susan Fitzpatrick1995-2022Jonathan Mink1997-2000Min Zhuo1997-2003Rosario Hernandez1997-2005Randy Buckner1998-2005Amy Bastian1998-2000Ann Marie Craig1998-2004Dora Angelaki1999-2010Richard Brand1999-2004Dwayne Simmons1999-2007Greg DeAngelis1999-2004Laura Dugan1999-2004Jeffrey Neil1999-2011David Dickman2000-2010Ling-Gang Wu2001-2003Jose-Angel Conchello2001-2002Jeffrey Ojemann2001-2003James Galvin2003-2009John McDonald III2003-2004Robert Sinclair2004-2009Aguan Wei2004-2008Vladimir Kefalov2005-2018Paul Gray2006-2014Gina Story2006-2012Kwee Thio2006-2012Naren Ramanan2007-2012Timothy Hullar2008-2013Daniel Kerchensteiner2008-2018Celia Santi-Grau Perez2012-2018Azad Bonni2012-2019James Fitzpatrick2015-2022Tomolo Yamada2014-2015Michael Bruchas2015-2018Carlos Ponce2018-2021 About History St. Louis Giving Contact Us COVID-19 Department of NeuroscienceWashington University School of MedicineCB 8108660 S. 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