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Prospective Students Current Students Faculty & Staff Alumni Industry Start your application today Undergraduate Admissions Graduate Admissions Dual Degree Program Graduate applicants: Attend an info session and skip the application fee Search Trending Searches graduate admissions academic programs financial aid academic calendar maps & directions summer school Home News & Events Chakrabarty, collaborators win Simons Foundation International grant for geoengineering Chakrabarty, collaborators win Simons Foundation International grant for geoengineering Rajan Chakrabarty, Rohan Mishra and Lu Xu will explore stratospheric aerosol injection with a $1.5 million grant from the Simons Foundation International Shawn Ballard  05.15.2024 Stratospheric aerosol injection, a geoengineering technology that could offset the warming caused by human-made greenhouse gas emissions, works by seeding aerosols into the upper atmosphere to reflect the sun’s rays before they can warm the planet. (Image: iStock) Share Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Linkedin Email Geoengineering, or large-scale manipulation of the climate by humans, has spawned sci-fi treatments aplenty, from supervillains trying to control the weather for their own ends to vivid imaginings of what future catastrophes might result from unsustainable environmental control. Rajan Chakrabarty, the Harold D. Jolley Career Development Associate Professor in the McKelvey School of Engineering at Washington University in St. Louis, takes a more nuanced view. Chakrabarty and collaborators Rohan Mishra, associate professor of mechanical engineering & materials science, and Lu Xu, assistant professor of energy, environmental & chemical engineering, both in McKelvey Engineering, won a three-year, $1.5 million grant from the Simons Foundation International to explore potential candidates for a geoengineering technology called stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI). SAI involves seeding small particles or aerosols into the upper atmosphere to offset global warming caused by human-made greenhouse gas emissions. SAI is one pathway for humans to replicate the natural cooling effect observed after the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, a volcano in the Philippines. The eruption spewed 10-20 million tons of sulfate aerosols into the stratosphere where those particles reflected enough sunlight to cause a global temperature decrease of about half a degree Celsius in 1992. Chakrabarty and Mishra have already worked together on analyzing the chemical and optical properties of particles in wildfire smoke, revealing that wildfires have a much larger warming effect than climate modelers thought. This new project would similarly inform climate projections used in SAI and geoengineering more broadly. Chakrabarty says models are currently missing key ingredients, including how particles that might be injected into the atmosphere will interact with solar radiation and ozone over time.&＃160; &＃8220;Think about it like a dish you are preparing,&＃8221; Chakrabarty said. &＃8220;You have to consider what ingredients you&＃8217;re putting in, how much of each ingredient, and how those ingredients will interact in the final meal. For SAI, our ingredients are particles, and we need to know what are their light scattering and absorption properties? What is their interaction with ozone? What happens if there are manufacturing defects in individual particles? These factors will all impact what happens when we put these aerosols in the stratosphere.&＃8221; Combining Chakrabarty&＃8217;s expertise in aerosol optics and modeling, Mishra&＃8217;s techniques for characterizing and optimizing material properties at the atomic scale, and Xu&＃8217;s expertise in atmospheric chemistry and chemical kinetics, including ozone chemistry, the team will help scientists make sure that if SAI is deployed, it is as effective and safe as possible. They plan on compiling a database of optical and chemical properties for the most promising aerosol candidates, including considerations of size, composition, atmospheric interaction and aging processes. All these features can be readily incorporated into climate models to accurately assess the impacts of different SAI scenarios in modulating earth&＃8217;s temperature and the environment. &＃8220;Our ultimate goal is to help the scientific community work out the best candidates for SAI geoengineering,&＃8221; Chakrabarty said. &＃8220;We&＃8217;re using the unique expertise we have here in McKelvey Engineering to explore the nitty gritty details for top SAI candidates in terms of their material and optical properties, safety considerations and how the particles behave over time. Looking at these properties across bulk and atomic scales will provide critical information for future users, including geoengineers, climate modelers and aerosol manufacturers.&＃8221;&＃160; This award is part of the Simons Foundation&＃8217;s Mathematics and Physical Sciences (MPS) division's Solar Radiation Management program (SRM). Chakrabarty, Mishra and Xu will participate in Simons Foundation activities along with fellow SRM awardees. The McKelvey School of Engineering at Washington University in St. Louis promotes independent inquiry and education with an emphasis on scientific excellence, innovation and collaboration without boundaries. McKelvey Engineering has top-ranked research and graduate programs across departments, particularly in biomedical engineering, environmental engineering and computing, and has one of the most selective undergraduate programs in the country. With 165 full-time faculty, 1,420 undergraduate students, 1,614 graduate students and 21,000 living alumni, we are working to solve some of society’s greatest challenges; to prepare students to become leaders and innovate throughout their careers; and to be a catalyst of economic development for the St. Louis region and beyond. Click on the topics below for more stories in those areas Research Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science Back to News Faculty in this story View Profile Rajan Chakrabarty Associate Professor View Profile Lu Xu Assistant Professor View Profile Rohan Mishra Associate Professor You may also be interested in: Advancing robot autonomy in unpredictable environments Yiannis Kantaros will enable teams of robots to interact collaboratively, perceive and respond to their environment with a CAREER Award from the National Science Foundation. 06.10.2024 DEMIST artificial intelligence tool may enhance usability of medical images A deep-learning-based image denoising method developed by Abhinav Jha may improve detection of myocardial defects in low-count SPECT scans. 06.04.2024 Quantum physics may help lasers see through fog, aid in communications JT Shen to pioneer two-color quantum photonic laser with DARPA grant. 06.04.2024 Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Instagram YouTube Engineering Departments Biomedical Engineering Computer Science & Engineering Division of Engineering Education Electrical & Systems Engineering Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science Sever Institute - professional degrees Technology & Leadership Center - training for industry Contact Us Washington University in St. Louis McKelvey School of Engineering MSC: 1100-122-303 1 Brookings Drive St. Louis, MO 63130-4899 Contact Us Resources COVID-19 Resources Canvas Directory Equity, Diversity & Inclusion Emergency Management Engineering IT Maps & Directions Make a Gift WebFAC / WebSTAC ©2024 Washington University in St. Louis. 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